L&G Software first developed a mathematical calculation model for pneumatic cylinders with damping effects and used it in a simulation model of the existing cross-stacker. The dampers in the simulation model could be positioned through a comparison with real measurements on the object. After that, the dampers and their settings were implemented into a simulation model of the new cross-stacker. Different attachment points for the cylinders resulted in different velocity progression or behavior. The simulation shows all oscillations and vibrations.

Müller Martini in Zofingen, Switzerland

Optimization of a simple mechanical system

Müller Martini is a maker of systems used in the printing industry. In 2003, a new cross-stacker that was supposed to replace and improve on its predecessor in terms of performance was developed. A cross-stacker is an instrument that catches and organizes printed materials with a fork and then bundles them. As with many technical developments, the goal is maximum performance combined with an acceptable “lifespan” and minimal cost. The critical components of the cross-stacker are the two arms of the fork, which have to be opened and closed as quickly as possible with pneumatic cylinders. This keeps the machine’s downtime to a minimum.

What this example shows:

Often, even seemingly simple mechanical systems can’t be so easily optimized without the right simulation tools. At least not in the planning stage. If several variable influences play a role, the problem quickly becomes multi-faceted and can no longer be solved with simple analytical calculations .

While the basic design of the equipment was defined, engineers were wondering about the best positioning of the lever arms for the pneumatic cylinders that activate the fork. The question isn’t so trivial because the pneumatic cylinders themselves have a velocity-dependent damping both while moving and at the end point. The forces that take effect during the accelerated and decelerated movement are therefore a sum of inert masses and several velocity-dependent damping effects. The question of the optimal attachment points within the confines of the maximum allowed forces in the arms came up.
A parameter study was finally used to find the optimal positioning for the pneumatic cylinders. The following graph shows the results of three types of cylinders and their performance for different positionings of the pneumatic cylinders.
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